Metamaterial || Metasurface || Design in CST MWs

Surface current distribution Charge flow over a surface || Metamaterial ||  Metasurface. Surface current distribution Charge flow over a surface we describe it by a surface current density.                                                           𝐾 = 𝑑𝐼 𝑑𝑙  The word ‘k’ is the current per unit width, k will vary from point to point over the surface. When the flow of charge is distributed throughout a three-dimensional region we call it volume current density and represented by J.                                                                𝐽 = 𝑑𝐼 𝑑𝑎 (current per unit area)  The direction of the net current J on each side of the unit cell is given by a red arrow. The current distribution on the surface at the resonance frequency and the vector sum of the current distribution on top and bottom( the ground plane) are directed in opposite directions at resonance frequencies. The surface currents propagating in opposite directions generate circulating currents within the surfac

Metamaterial || Metasurface || History of metamaterials  To the best of our knowledge, the first investigation into the idea of "artificial" materials dates back to 1898, when Jagadis Chunder Bose performed the first microwave experiment on twisted structures—geometries that, by modern nomenclature, were effectively artificial chiral components. In order to create "fake" chiral media, Lindman embedded several tiny wire helices with random orientations into a host medium in 1914. Kock created lightweight microwave lenses in 1948 by placing conducting spheres, discs, and strips in regular patterns and precisely adjusting the artificial media's effective refractive index. Since then, a lot of researchers throughout the world have been studying artificial complex materials. In recent years, new ideas in synthesis and inventive fabrication methods have made it possible to create composite materials and structures that mimic the responses of known materials or that

Dielectric Properties of Solids  The dielectric property of solid is the response of solids (insulators) to the applied electric field “E”. It is known that insulators have no free electrons and so when an external electric field is applied, it dominates the internal electric field of the solids (insulators) and distorts the internal energy (Nucleus and Electrons). They give rise to dipoles and hence the materials are polarized. The material is electrically neutral but produces an electric field both outside and inside. Dielectric Materials:  ➢ In solid the dielectric (insulator) the electrons are tightly bound to their parent atoms.  ➢ Charge separation take place, in the presence of electric field.  ➢ These are neutral but produce electric field both inside and outside the sample.  ➢ Some materials have naturally occurring in the shape that there is little separation between the positive and negative centre. There are called “Permanently Dipoles Materials”.  ➢ And there are some mate

 Surface current distribution Charge flow over a surface we describe by a surface current density.                                                𝐾 = 𝑑𝐼 𝑑𝑙   ‘k’ is the current per unit width, which will vary from point to point over the surface. When the flow of charge is distributed throughout a three-dimensional region we call it by volume current density and represented by J.                                                                        𝐽 = 𝑑𝐼/𝑑𝑎 (𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎)  The above results are gotten from CST software simulation. 

 How to design metamaterial? Let's start with how to answer this question. very simple before going to design you must have cst software on your pc. Open CST and start with the microwave studio. Follow the following steps. Design procedure First creat new project in CST MWS studio, select the perodic structure template select FSS, MM unit cell than frequency domain and enter the frequency range, unit, and proper dimension of the variable used in the design.  than In the Next article, we will be discuss the simulation of metamaterial.

 Triple-band cross-polarization-conversion metasurface       (CPCM) This paper describes a thin triple-band cross-polarization-conversion metasurface (CPCM) made up of square split ring resonators (SSRR) and metallic cross elements with four metal strips housed inside the SSRR. The SSRR resonator and back layer are made of copper on an FR-4 substrate, which sandwiched the resonator and back layer. On a dielectric substrate, the SSRR and metallic cross elements are created.  A copper layer blocks the backside. The metasurface is designed and analyzed using CST MWS 2018. At a lower frequency of 5.49 GHz, the electrical dimension of the CPCM structure is 0.128 0.128 0.044. The CPCM achieved a bandwidth of 5.35 to 5.69 GHz, 7.60 to 8.76 GHz, and 12.41 to 13.96 GHz across the S, C, and M bands and the X frequency band. Furthermore, the CPCM simulation result is validated through experimental development. The proposed structure is identical in polarization responses (up to 750) at normal and